Cause of race and bearing pitting?

I been rebuilding my tractors trans axle and all the races were pitted like this. Its a 1961 Case tractor. I've owned it since 2014. I am replacing all the bearings and races. A lot of the pitting resembles the rectangle shape of the bearings. I figure tractor sat for several years with moisture in the oil or no oil in it. Whats your thoughts?

 
Moisture. Many bearings that are above the full line only get oil when operating, otherwise they sit dry, it's a good idea to move them once in awhile. I bet a lot of tractors that ran when parked have bearings that look like this!
 
Though the discoloration was water based rust, and some of th pitting there is also evidence of brinelling (a defect caused by hard
material being smashed into the race and Balls/rollers) while under load, dimpling and deforming the metal. Spalling is also
present to a degree, and is a result of surface delamination caused by repeated brinelling. Jim
 
Anything as hard or harder than the bearing race. A chip of a different bearing, or chip of gear tooth, are likely. Silica is another source from he sand of the casting process getting loose. Jim
 
Yes, replacing all bearings and races. Crown gear was chipped badly and pinion had developed 0.035' of end play. Replacing crown and pinion, and differential side gears along thrust washers.
 

It won’t be the situation here but I’ve seen bearings and races ruined with electrical current flowing through them due to botched wiring.
 

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