Typically the balance shafts used on 4 cylinders are driven at twice crankshaft speed. On a 4 cylinder there is always one piston going up to balance one piston going down. This is called primary balance and is used to reduce the loads on the main bearings. In addition it makes for less vibration and shaking externally. The balance shaft is to balance/reduce what are called secondary forces. These forces are the result of the pistons (the one going up versus the one going down) reaching their maximum velocity at different rotational positions. The balance shaft reduces external vibration but does not reduce bearing loads and can generally be removed. I have removed them on motorcycle engines before for less drag and a small increase in HP. If you remove the shaft take note of any oil passages which may need to be plugged.
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Today's Featured Article - Chores - by Frank Young. The ceaseless passing of time! It is at once our friend and our enemy. It measures our progress and it makes us old. Like most features of our life, few things are all good or all bad, and most such judgments depend on our own perspective or viewpoint. In our particular hobby, we enjoy the nostalgic return to the days of our youth as we recreate many of the scenes that took place on the family farm that served as the stage for the first few acts of the play that is our live
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