Easiest way to tell is just go by engine size. The rest can be very misleading. The only thing that's changed is that an overhead-valve version of an engine can make a bit more power for it's size as compared to a flat-head. A 10 horse flat head often gained 1.5 to 2 horse when switched to overhead valves. Note also that diesel engines always have less power then gas engine if aspirated the same and with same bore and stroke. That is why tractors sold at a certain power level will have bigger diesels to make up for the loss.
20-30 years ago -
A 3 horse engine was 7 3/4 cubic inches or 127 ccs.
A 4 horse was 10.5 c.i. or 172 ccs. A 5 horse was 12 c.i. or 197 ccs. A 10 horse was 24 c.i. or 393 ccs. A 16 horse was 32.4 or 531 ccs.
Besides all that, direct-drive push mowers often post specs at RPMs that engine are not legally permitted to run due to blade-tip-speed regs.
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Today's Featured Article - The 8N and the Fox - by Zane Sherman. Dec. 13 1998, Renfroe, Alabama. Last niht I dreamed about the day that I plowed the field of about 10 acres over on what Jimmy and Dandy called the Ledbetter field. I was driving the 1948 8N Ford tractor that Jimmy bought in 48 new This was prebably in about 1951 and maybe even befor the house was built. This would have made me to be about16 years old and I drove the tractor for nothing and would have paid to drive it if I had had any money which I didn't, but neit
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