Like others said, the starter was probably ready to quit, the 12v just finished it off.
But as a final test, put your volt meter or test light directly to the starter stud (not the cable, but the end of the stud going into the starter) and a bare metal spot on the starter case itself (not the engine or chassis, but directly to the starter case), try the starter while taking a reading.
If you have battery voltage, and the starter is not doing anything, the starter is open internally, possibly just brushes worn or dirty.
If you have "some" voltage, and the cables are heating up, and the starter is heating up, could be the drive is jammed in the flywheel. Try loosening the mount bolts, let the drive gear relax and get into mesh with the flywheel. If that gets it going, the starter may need new bushings and/or a drive gear.
If you have very low voltage, and nothing is happening, you have a bad connection or bad/discharged battery.
Just be extremely careful! Be absolutely sure the tractor is in neutral and stay clear of moving parts! It could begin cranking at any time during the test!
PS: As for running a 6v starter on 12v, some models handle it better than others, just depends on the design of the starter. As said, avoid long cranking intervals. If it doesn't start right up, something is wrong. Stop cranking and find out what the problem is.
Also be very observant and deliberate with your starting procedure. Always have everything ready before hitting the start switch. Once you engage the starter, keep it engaged until the engine starts. It's the initial engagement that causes the most stress.
And finally, watch and listen to the engine and starter. If you let off the starter, be sure the engine has stopped completely, and the starter has coasted to a stop before trying again. Engaging the starter while the engine is rebounding off a compression stroke is a sure way to break something! Be sure the ignition timing is set correctly. Timing advanced too far causes the engine to kick back against the starter, not good.
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Today's Featured Article - The 8N and the Fox - by Zane Sherman. Dec. 13 1998, Renfroe, Alabama. Last niht I dreamed about the day that I plowed the field of about 10 acres over on what Jimmy and Dandy called the Ledbetter field. I was driving the 1948 8N Ford tractor that Jimmy bought in 48 new This was prebably in about 1951 and maybe even befor the house was built. This would have made me to be about16 years old and I drove the tractor for nothing and would have paid to drive it if I had had any money which I didn't, but neit
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