If the gauge is "thermal" (uses a little heater and a bi-metal strip to move the needle) it will NOT be polarity-sensitive.
If it uses a "magnetic movement" (electromagnets move the pointer) MOST LIKELY it WILL be polarity-sensitive.
There's no explosion in the tank 'cause the voltage/current/thermal mass involved in operating the fuel gauge prevent enough heating to light off gas fumes.
That being said, I have seen MANY fuel gauge senders and in-tank fuel pumps overheated with charred/burned wires 'cause of a short feeding too much current into a fuel sender or a fuel pump that failed and shorted out.
There's no explosion because the gas/air mixture in the tank is too rich (outside of the narrow range where combustion can occur).
From an engineering handbook...
Gasoline "Lower Explosive or Flammable Limit" (LEL/LFL) 1.4%
Gasoline "Upper Explosive or Flammable Limit" (UEL/UFL) 7.6%
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Today's Featured Article - The 8N and the Fox - by Zane Sherman. Dec. 13 1998, Renfroe, Alabama. Last niht I dreamed about the day that I plowed the field of about 10 acres over on what Jimmy and Dandy called the Ledbetter field. I was driving the 1948 8N Ford tractor that Jimmy bought in 48 new This was prebably in about 1951 and maybe even befor the house was built. This would have made me to be about16 years old and I drove the tractor for nothing and would have paid to drive it if I had had any money which I didn't, but neit
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