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Your caps lock is on... yes caterpillar designed and built the starting engines on all their diesel engines. Some things that are important with these tempermental 2 cylinder old technology engines are keeping clean oil in them, not a pressurized filter system, not sure about the D4's but it will probably have a sump where the oil collects, splash lube system, non-detergent oil may be still a good choice as it allows contaminants to settle, same is true for oil bath air breathers. Matter of preference here. Need to check the oil for gasoline contamination, if the carburetor has leaked gas into the oil, you need to change it before you run it. I cannot explain what causes this drain down to occur and I've had it happen once, somehow gasoline can find a direct path and keep flowing, if you leave the sediment bowl valve on. Most people will let the starting engine run out of fuel by shutting the sediment bowl valve and letting it run, I use a petcock in an existing threaded drain hole in the bowl on mine, just drain it off after the diesel fires, then I know all the gas is out of the system and nothing can leak down. Another is when running the starting engine, if the D4's do not circulate coolant without the diesel turning over while it's running, then the starting motor will overheat, on my D7 you must have the diesel engaged to cool the starting engine, or it will overheat. They like good spark, you need to make sure the magneto is in good working order, use only solid copper conductor type wires and don't use champion spark plugs, many still prefer NGK's. The thing with the fuel thinning the gas can cause the motor to fail from lack of lubrication, on that note of the motor is not in good condition, it's best to rebuild, overhaul before a catastrophic failure, they are not inexpensive to re-build. Many have switched to direct electric start, in warm to mild climates and if the diesel is in good condition with plenty of compression, should be ok, but it may not be worth it in a cold environment. If you keep it in good working order, take care of it, keep it out of the weather, it ought to perform good. It sounds as though dad did you a favor by filling the cylinders with oil, to keep it from seizing, you may want to be careful when you attempt to fire it, spin it over, and wait until oil pressure comes up on the gauge, then turn the compression lever on run, let er push some of that oil out, then turn the fuel on, it will probably smoke quite a bit, I don't think you will have to worry about building up hydraulic pressure in the cylinders, kind of like a boat engine that has been fogged. Sitting all that time, you may want to bleed the fuel tank, change the filter and the fluids in this tractor. You may want to pull the cover off the injector pump and see if the racks are not seized up from condensation, if she does not fire on all cylinders it may be fuel system related, surpisingly, a lot of these fire up and run fine after a long time, many end up with seized engines due piston rings bonding to the cylinder liner. Sounds as if yours may be an easier candidate to fire up.
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