You ask....Now should I ground the disconnect with a ground rod and not through the main service panel?
Out at the remote shop sub panel (or a disconenct etc. out there), the equipment ground gets bonded to a grounding electrode such as a driven rod or rods as required.
The panel at home the main panel while any panel at the shop is a sub panel. If theres a sub panel in the shop, it must have a seperate and isolated Equipment Ground Buss and a seperate and isolated Neutral Buss (unlike at the main panel where those two busses are bonded). At that sub panel you run a "grounding electrode conductor" (like No 4 bare copper) out to a made "grounding electrode" such as a driven rod or rods as required.
BUTTTTTTTTT when you run power out to the shop, in days past you could just run 3 wires, 2 hots and a Neutral HOWEVER the latest NEC requires 4 to be ran out, 2 hots, 1 Neutral, 1 Equipment ground and then the Neutral and Ground Busses are kept seperate and isolated out there.
NOTE it will still work as they did for yearssssssssssss if you just run 3 wires out (2 hots and Neutral) Im just tellin you what the latest NEC says to do, I can explain why but not in a few sentences
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