Close. "closed loop" is an ancient control systems term that predates electronic engine controls by fifty years or more. It refers to the presence of a feedback loop in a system. Mechanical engine governors are one example of a feedback loop. That is, the output of a system is fed back, inverted, to the system's input.
There are many feedback loops in a modern engine control system, but the main one is the oxygen sensor. The O2 sensor detects the presence of oxygen in the exhaust, and the ECM increases or decreases the amount of fuel to achieve the desired air/fuel ratio. By definition, if there is unburned fuel in the exhaust, the feedback loop is broken and the engine is running open loop. (I'm not convinced this is the case here. It could be that it's not running rich at all.)
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Today's Featured Article - Third Brush Generators - by Chris Pratt. While I love straightening sheet metal, cleaning, and painting old tractors, I use every excuse to avoid working on the on the electrics. I find the whole process sheer mystery. I have picked up and attempted to read every auto and farm electrics book with no improvement in the situation. They all seem to start with a chapter entitled "Theory of Electricity". After a few paragraphs I usually close the book and go back to banging out dents. A good friend and I were recently discussing our tractor electrical systems when he stated "I figure it all comes back to applying Ohms Law". At this point
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