To put it simply, a 12 volt battery needs to be charged at 15.5 to 16 volts to break down sulphation. That's what the better chargers do when put into "equalization" mode.
When a battery is "dead", i.e. down to 10.5 volts the plates are then covered with lead-sulfate. If charged back up in a reasonable amount of time, that lead-sulfate falls apart since it's a soft material. But . . let a battery sit for a long time while discharged and the lead-sulfate turns into hard crystals. A standard battery charger that barely reaches 14 volts cannot break it apart. This "over-volting" called "equalization" breaks down lead-sulfate crystals and also stratafies the acid - i.e. mixes it up.
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Today's Featured Article - Madison's County - by Anthony West. Philip Madison has been a good friend of mine for quite some time. He has patiently suffered my incessant chit chat on the subject of tractors for longer than I care to remember, and on many occasions he has put himself out, dropped what ever it was he was doing, to come and lend a hand cranking handles, or loading a find onto a trailer. Although he himself has never actually owned or restored a tractor, he was always enthusiastic and always around helping with other peoples projects.
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