It appears to be a Ford 4 cylinder diesel, and if it is what came in a 651, the displacement should be 144 cubic inches. Unfortunately rebuild parts for the 144 engine are very hard, if not impossible to come by, and some of them are different than its bigger brother, the 172 diesel. Rebuild parts for the 172 diesel are fairly easy to find. I think they also made 192 diesel engines, but I have never seen one myself.
The pictured engine is missing the injector pump, which is probably the most expensive and important part. An injector pump is expensive to have rebuilt, and most people should have that job professionally done, as it is easy to screw them up.
I have a 641 diesel with lots and lots of hours on the original 144 engine. I had thought about doing a rebuild, but found no source for a rebuild kit, and it appeared very hard and expensive to buy pistons, pins and pin bushings. So I ended up buying a complete 172 diesel engine that may or may not be usable as is, paying about core price for it. That was several years ago, but the old 144 keeps on starting fine, having decent power, and in general working as well or better than it did when I got the tractor more than 20 years ago. It uses and loses oil and has lots of blow-by, but checking and adding oil often is a lot less expensive than doing a rebuild, especially on a worker tractor. So I keep my 172 engine in careful dry storage, waiting for the time when I HAVE to do something besides run the old 144.
If the engine you have is not a good one, and it in fact is a 144, I would not fool with it much. Instead I would try to get a good 172 diesel, or if you can"t find a good engine, get a rebuildable 172 and get it rebuilt. It should bolt up fine.
Another alternative would be to convert the tractor to a gas engine, which would be less expensive to do, but you would need to change some of the diesel specific parts, like the "throttle" linkage and the fuel tank to the ones used with gas engines. The gas engines were made in much greater quantities than the diesels, so it might be much easier to find a usable gas engine to make a tractor that works out of what you have. But the tractor you could put together would be a lot less "correct" that way, if that means anything to you.
Gas tractors use lots more fuel than their diesel counterpart doing the same job. On the other hand, gas tractors start much easier in the cold than diesels, which need to either heat the intake manifold with glow plugs or be heated with an electric heater setup to start at all in cold weather.
There is a lot of interchangability with the Ford tractors of that era, but not everything fits every other application. If you decide to work on that tractor, I suggest buying the inexpensive factory manual and parts book as reprints, as they will answer a lot of the questions that will most likely come up. Good luck with your tractor!
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