Three things affect the ability of a generator to generate, or a motor to provide mechanical power. The design of the windings and the coupling of their magnetic field to rotating iron. or rotating iron coupling to stationary windings. The voltage at which it operates. And the use and control of eddy currents. Electric motor and generator engineers use powerful computer programs and experimental testing to design windings that produce shaped fields of magnetism which are very efficient. Many motors and alternators today are based on extreme permanent magnets, and thus reduce the internal use of power to make fields. The higher the voltage the better the efficiency (up to the point that insulation reduces the amount of copper in the windings). High voltage passes more watts (power) for the same size wire) Eddy currents are stray magnetically induced currents that are (in the sense of this discussion only) found where variable magnetism induces electricity in loops of current in solid metal. (kind of a tiny local short circuit.) these are paracitic, and take energy that could be used for the device purpose, but is wasted in heat, or wasted in mechanical force because the current produces magnetism opposite of the input and slows down the shaft. In conclusion there are vast differences between motors generators, and alternators. Even of similar look. Efficiencies in expensive motors designed in the last few years can approach 85 to 90% energy in mechanical force out. Old starter motors might make 50%. All motors use a idle current draw that is a function (to a degree) of resistance under no load. As loads are applied, the drag on the rotor changes the rotors position related to the applied magnetism and that allows it to draw more electricity, and do more work. Jim
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Today's Featured Article - Memories of an IH Super A When I was ? up to 10, I worked on my Papaw's farm in Greeneville, TN every summer. As I grew older (7), it was the thrill of my day to ride or drive on the tractor. My Papaw had a 1954 IH Super A that he bought to replace a Cub. My Papaw raised "baccer" (tobacco) and corn with the Super A, but the fondest memory was of the sawmill. He owned a small sawmill for sawing "baccer" sticks. The Super A was the powerplant. When I was old enough (7 or 8), I would get up early and be dressed to
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