A typical 12 volt solar panel has will read 20-21 volts when there is only a volt meter hooked to it and no load. That reading is called the "Voc."
The right way to check it is when in full sun, hooked to a load that draws it's rated amp rating along with a volt reading. A 100 watt "12 volt" panel will be able to make 21.4 volts no-load, and around 17 volts when making 6.2 amps of current at 17.4 volts.
Voc = Voltage open circuit - nothing attached to the panel.
Vmp = Voltage maximum power - what the Voltage would be under ideal conditions with the maximum output current
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Today's Featured Article - Third Brush Generators - by Chris Pratt. While I love straightening sheet metal, cleaning, and painting old tractors, I use every excuse to avoid working on the on the electrics. I find the whole process sheer mystery. I have picked up and attempted to read every auto and farm electrics book with no improvement in the situation. They all seem to start with a chapter entitled "Theory of Electricity". After a few paragraphs I usually close the book and go back to banging out dents. A good friend and I were recently discussing our tractor electrical systems when he stated "I figure it all comes back to applying Ohms Law". At this point
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