If there is current flowing in a conductor , there is voltage drop.
Example . Way out there at yonder cow shed with lights and beat trace drawing 12 amps which is being supplied with 120V from the transformer . There is voltage drop on both the line and neutral conductors so the heaters and lights maybe receiving 110V.
Line 1 has dropped 5 volts and is 115. VoLTs with relation to earth/ground . The neutral out at yonder shed end has also dropped 5V and is now 5 Volts above true earth potential.
Now Bubba our jackleg electrican who knows more than the electrical engineers , bonds the ground system at yonder shed to the neutral at yonder shed .
Let's say now half the neutral current is now flowing on the neutral system, with 2.5 volts drop. The other half of the neutral current is flowing in the ground system with 2.5 volts drop.
No surprise here as grounding systems are not a solid no resistance electrical connection to "earth". Dry or frozen dirt, too small of a grounding system , broken or high resistance connections are the norm.
Now when Old Bossy at yonder cow shed sticks her nose in the water trough. She takes 2.5Volts through the snout to hooves. Livestock feel 2.5V like we feel a 9V battery across the tongue .
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Today's Featured Article - Third Brush Generators - by Chris Pratt. While I love straightening sheet metal, cleaning, and painting old tractors, I use every excuse to avoid working on the on the electrics. I find the whole process sheer mystery. I have picked up and attempted to read every auto and farm electrics book with no improvement in the situation. They all seem to start with a chapter entitled "Theory of Electricity". After a few paragraphs I usually close the book and go back to banging out dents. A good friend and I were recently discussing our tractor electrical systems when he stated "I figure it all comes back to applying Ohms Law". At this point
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