Standard recommendation is to use the same oil in the air cleaner as in the crankcase, based on expected temperatures. You don't say how cold it was in your shed, but 15W-40 should be OK down to 0 degrees F. If the oil is thin enough for the engine to crank, it should not be restricting the intake enough to cause a problem.
You say it "flooded up". Do you mean gas poured out of the carb? That's not necessarily due to a restricted intake.
By "5W", I assume you mean a multi-grade oil, such as 5W-30, not straight-weight SAE 5 oil. (I don't even know where you can get straight SAE 5 motor oil.) I've had problems starting my tractor in sub-zero temperatures (~ -20F) with 15W-40, but 10W-30 seems to work fine. I suggest you stick to using the same oil in the air cleaner and crankcase; if the oil is stiff enough to cause intake restriction, it's probably not circulating through the cold engine very well, either. 10W-30, 5W-30 or 10W-40 should all be fine.
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Today's Featured Article - An Old-Time Tractor Demonstration - by Kim Pratt. Sam was born in rural Kansas in 1926. His dad was a hard-working farmer and the children worked hard everyday to help ends meet. In the rural area he grew up in, the highlight of the week was Saturday when many people took a break from their work to go to town. It was on one such Saturday in the early 1940's when Sam was 16 years old that he ended up in Dennison, Kansas to watch a demonstration of a new tractor being put on by a local dealer. It was an Allis-Chalmers tractor dealership,
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