When I was repairing those alternators, just to prove a point to fellow workers and customers, I would hook a variable resistor into the sense lead while I had it on the test stand. With full battery voltage, zero resistance wire hooked to sense terminal on regulator, the alternator would operate at normal voltage. The voltage depended on what regulator was in alternator as some manufacturers lowered the regulated voltage down just below 14 volts to help extend battery life on tractors. Most regulated right about 14.5 volts though.
Then I would increase the resistance in the sense lead and the voltage would keep on rising up to 19 volts or more. This test was to simulate a poor connection. Opening the circuit completely would shut charging off completely.
I also applied a load on my test battery to check for full rated amperage output of alternator at above normal full charge battery voltage of 12.6 volts. I don't recall ever testing an alternator that charged with the sense lead open, disconnected.
Those tests would date from about 1975 until around 2012.
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