Depends on what reference points were used. In older areas of the USA (earlier settled) like here in New York, the original and only definitive reference marks are land-patent lines that were established 1643 to 1803. Some with slash-marks on big trees, some using creeks that have changed course, wooden stakes driven into the ground, and some with more durable markers like iron pins driven into rocks. When a surveyor does a survey here, he/she is supposed to somehow measure from an existing patent line - even if it's 40 miles distant. Obviously, there are short cuts taken. In my area, local surveyors base their new surveys on line established in their former surveys. So, one mistake made long ago leads to many more mistakes.
In newer populated areas, the system is neater and more reliable. Michigan comes to mind. I just had my farmland surveyed there, and the 1800s section lines are well organized, straight, and well marked.
Some surveys can never be proven, and with them, usually they get settled by Court Order or compromise.
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Today's Featured Article - Third Brush Generators - by Chris Pratt. While I love straightening sheet metal, cleaning, and painting old tractors, I use every excuse to avoid working on the on the electrics. I find the whole process sheer mystery. I have picked up and attempted to read every auto and farm electrics book with no improvement in the situation. They all seem to start with a chapter entitled "Theory of Electricity". After a few paragraphs I usually close the book and go back to banging out dents. A good friend and I were recently discussing our tractor electrical systems when he stated "I figure it all comes back to applying Ohms Law". At this point
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